Залежні прийменники (dependent prepositions)
Повний довідник дієслів, прикметників та іменників, що вимагають фіксованого прийменника (depend on, good at, reason for), з прикладами й типовими помилками українців.
Що таке залежні прийменники
Багато англійських слів "тягнуть" за собою фіксований прийменник, який треба вживати завжди й саме такий: depend on, good at, interested in. Це не питання логіки — це стала сполучуваність, яку вчать напам'ять разом зі словом.
Головна складність для нас у тому, що в українській керування інше. Ми кажемо "залежати від", тож рука сама пише depend from — а по-англійськи це depend on. Так само "одружений з" підказує married with, хоча правильно married to. Тому кожен вираз із цього довідника варто запам'ятовувати цілим блоком: слово плюс його прийменник.
Порада: учіть не слово depend, а фразу depend on; не good, а good at. Прийменник — частина "імені" виразу.
Дієслово + прийменник
З to
| Вираз | Приклад (English) |
|---|---|
| listen to | Nastia likes to listen to the radio in the morning. |
| belong to | This umbrella belongs to Oleh. |
| talk / speak to | I need to talk to my teacher. |
| happen to | What happened to your phone? |
| reply / respond to | Please reply to my email. |
| apologise to (somebody) | He apologised to Maria for being late. |
З on
| Вираз | Приклад (English) |
|---|---|
| depend on | Our plans depend on the weather. |
| rely on | You can rely on Petro; he never lets you down. |
| concentrate on | I can't concentrate on work with this noise. |
| focus on | Let's focus on the main problem. |
| insist on | She insisted on paying for everyone. |
| base on | The film is based on a true story. |
| spend (money/time) on | They spent a lot on the wedding. |
| congratulate (somebody) on | We congratulated Oleh on his new job. |
З for
| Вираз | Приклад (English) |
|---|---|
| wait for | We waited for the bus for twenty minutes. |
| look for | Nastia is looking for her keys. |
| apologise for (something) | He apologised for the mistake. |
| apply for | She applied for a job in Kyiv. |
| pay for | Let me pay for the coffee. |
| ask for | The child asked for more juice. |
| search for | Rescuers searched for survivors all night. |
З about
| Вираз | Приклад (English) |
|---|---|
| think about | I'm thinking about moving to Lviv. |
| worry about | Don't worry about the exam. |
| complain about | Guests complained about the noise. |
| care about | He really cares about his family. |
| dream about / of | She dreams about travelling the world. |
| talk about | We talked about the plan for hours. |
З of
| Вираз | Приклад (English) |
|---|---|
| think of (an opinion / idea) | What do you think of the new cafe? |
| consist of | The team consists of five people. |
| remind (somebody) of | This song reminds me of my childhood. |
| approve of | Her parents approve of the marriage. |
| accuse (somebody) of | They accused him of lying. |
З at
| Вираз | Приклад (English) |
|---|---|
| look at | Look at that beautiful sunset! |
| laugh at | Don't laugh at him; it's not funny. |
| shout at | She shouted at the driver. |
| smile at | The girl smiled at the camera. |
| arrive at (a place / event) | We arrived at the station early. |
З with
| Вираз | Приклад (English) |
|---|---|
| agree with | I agree with you completely. |
| deal with | Managers deal with complaints every day. |
| argue with | He argued with his brother about money. |
| help (somebody) with | Can you help me with this box? |
| provide (somebody) with | The school provides students with books. |
З in та from
| Вираз | Приклад (English) |
|---|---|
| believe in | Many people believe in hard work. |
| succeed in | She succeeded in passing the test. |
| specialise in | This shop specialises in cheese. |
| result in | The crash resulted in long delays. |
| suffer from | He suffers from headaches. |
| recover from | She slowly recovered from the illness. |
| escape from | The cat escaped from the house. |
| prevent (somebody) from | The rain prevented us from leaving. |
| protect (somebody) from | A hat protects you from the sun. |
Пара, яку часто плутають: arrive at (мале місце: станція, аеропорт, готель) проти arrive in (місто, країна). We arrived in Kyiv, and then arrived at the hotel. І ніколи не кажемо arrive to.
Різниця think about та think of: think about — обмірковувати, роздумувати (процес): I'm thinking about it. think of — мати думку/пригадувати щось конкретне: What do you think of this idea?
Прикметник + прийменник
З of
| Вираз | Приклад (English) |
|---|---|
| afraid of | Nastia is afraid of spiders. |
| proud of | Oleh is proud of his daughter. |
| fond of | She's very fond of old films. |
| aware of | Were you aware of the risk? |
| capable of | He's capable of great things. |
| full of | The room was full of people. |
| jealous of | Don't be jealous of her success. |
| tired of | I'm tired of waiting. |
| ashamed of | He felt ashamed of his behaviour. |
| scared / frightened of | The dog is scared of thunder. |
З at, in, on
| Вираз | Приклад (English) |
|---|---|
| good at | Petro is good at maths. |
| bad at | I'm bad at remembering names. |
| brilliant / hopeless at | She's brilliant at chess. |
| interested in | He's interested in history. |
| involved in | They were involved in the project. |
| keen on | Nastia is keen on cycling. |
З for
| Вираз | Приклад (English) |
|---|---|
| famous for | Lviv is famous for its coffee. |
| responsible for | She's responsible for the budget. |
| ready for | Are you ready for the trip? |
| suitable for | This film isn't suitable for children. |
| sorry for / about | I feel sorry for him. |
| grateful for | We're grateful for your help. |
З to та from
| Вираз | Приклад (English) |
|---|---|
| married to | Maria is married to an engineer. |
| similar to | This dish is similar to borscht. |
| kind / nice to | Please be kind to the new student. |
| used to | I'm not used to the cold here. |
| addicted to | He's addicted to his phone. |
| different from | Life here is different from what I expected. |
З about та with
| Вираз | Приклад (English) |
|---|---|
| worried about | She's worried about her exams. |
| excited about | The kids are excited about the holiday. |
| happy about / with | Are you happy with the result? |
| pleased with | The boss was pleased with the report. |
| angry with (somebody) / about (something) | He was angry with me about the delay. |
| bored with / of | I'm bored with this game. |
Обережно з good: good at (умілий у чомусь), а не good in. She's good at English, не good in English.
Іменник + прийменник
| Вираз | Приклад (English) |
|---|---|
| reason for | What's the reason for the delay? |
| solution to | There's no easy solution to this problem. |
| answer to | I don't know the answer to your question. |
| increase / rise in | There was an increase in prices. |
| decrease / fall in | We saw a fall in demand. |
| need for | There's a growing need for nurses. |
| interest in | She has a real interest in art. |
| effect / impact on | Sleep has a big effect on memory. |
| example of | This is a good example of teamwork. |
| cause of | Smoking is a common cause of illness. |
| difference between | What's the difference between these two? |
| relationship with | He has a good relationship with his boss. |
Запам'ятай: reason for, але solution / answer to; зміни величини — increase / fall in.
Небезпечні пари для українців
Найчастіші помилки через українське керування. Ліворуч — як хочеться сказати, праворуч — як правильно.
- depend from — depend on ("залежати від" збиває з пантелику)
- good in English — good at English
- interested with — interested in
- married with — married to
- afraid from — afraid of
- listen music (без прийменника) — listen to music
- arrive to Kyiv — arrive in Kyiv (місто) / arrive at the station (місце)
- different to / than — different from (стандартний британський варіант)
- explain me — explain to me
- congratulate with — congratulate on
- reason of — reason for
Швидка пам'ятка
- Учи слово разом із прийменником як єдину фразу: depend on, good at, reason for.
- Українське керування часто інше — не перекладай прийменник буквально.
- arrive ніколи не буває з to: arrive in (місто/країна), arrive at (місце/подія).
- married to, similar to, але different from.
- good / bad at, interested in, afraid of, famous for.
- Іменники: reason for, solution / answer to, increase in, effect on.